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<#
.SYNOPSIS
  Find-ServiceAccounts.ps1 — read-only Active Directory service-account discovery.

.DESCRIPTION
  Inventories likely service accounts in Active Directory and flags common
  privileged-access risks:

    * Accounts with ServicePrincipalNames (kerberoast surface)
    * Accounts matching service-style naming patterns (svc*, *service*, sa-*)
    * PasswordNeverExpires accounts
    * Stale passwords (older than -StalePasswordYears)
    * Enabled accounts with no recent logon
    * Membership in privileged groups (Domain Admins, etc.)
    * Unconstrained / constrained delegation

  READ-ONLY: uses Get-AD* cmdlets exclusively. Makes no changes to AD.
  No data leaves your network — results are written to a local CSV.

.REQUIREMENTS
  RSAT ActiveDirectory PowerShell module; read access to the domain.

.EXAMPLE
  .\Find-ServiceAccounts.ps1
  .\Find-ServiceAccounts.ps1 -StalePasswordYears 2 -OutputPath .\svc-audit.csv

.NOTES
  Provided by Monofor (https://monofor.com) under the MIT license, as-is,
  without warranty. Review before running, as you should with any script.
#>

[CmdletBinding()]
param(
  [int]$StalePasswordYears = 1,
  [int]$StaleLogonDays = 90,
  [string]$OutputPath = ".\service-account-inventory.csv",
  [string]$Server
)

$ErrorActionPreference = 'Stop'

try {
  Import-Module ActiveDirectory
} catch {
  Write-Error "RSAT ActiveDirectory module not found. Install RSAT and retry."
  exit 1
}

$adParams = @{}
if ($Server) { $adParams['Server'] = $Server }

$stalePwdDate   = (Get-Date).AddYears(-$StalePasswordYears)
$staleLogonDate = (Get-Date).AddDays(-$StaleLogonDays)

$privilegedGroups = @(
  'Domain Admins', 'Enterprise Admins', 'Schema Admins',
  'Administrators', 'Account Operators', 'Server Operators',
  'Backup Operators', 'Print Operators'
)

Write-Host "Collecting privileged group membership..." -ForegroundColor Cyan
$privilegedMembers = @{}
foreach ($group in $privilegedGroups) {
  try {
    Get-ADGroupMember -Identity $group -Recursive @adParams |
      Where-Object { $_.objectClass -eq 'user' } |
      ForEach-Object {
        if (-not $privilegedMembers.ContainsKey($_.SamAccountName)) {
          $privilegedMembers[$_.SamAccountName] = @()
        }
        $privilegedMembers[$_.SamAccountName] += $group
      }
  } catch {
    Write-Verbose "Group not found or unreadable: $group"
  }
}

Write-Host "Querying accounts (SPNs, naming patterns, password flags)..." -ForegroundColor Cyan

$properties = @(
  'SamAccountName', 'DisplayName', 'Enabled', 'ServicePrincipalName',
  'PasswordNeverExpires', 'PasswordLastSet', 'LastLogonDate',
  'TrustedForDelegation', 'msDS-AllowedToDelegateTo', 'Description',
  'whenCreated'
)

# Union of: SPN accounts + service-style names + password-never-expires.
$filter = {
  (ServicePrincipalName -like '*') -or
  (SamAccountName -like 'svc*') -or
  (SamAccountName -like 'sa-*') -or
  (SamAccountName -like '*service*') -or
  (PasswordNeverExpires -eq $true)
}

$accounts = Get-ADUser -Filter $filter -Properties $properties @adParams

$results = foreach ($acct in $accounts) {
  $flags = New-Object System.Collections.Generic.List[string]

  $hasSpn = [bool]$acct.ServicePrincipalName
  if ($hasSpn) { $flags.Add('SPN (kerberoastable surface)') }
  if ($acct.PasswordNeverExpires) { $flags.Add('PasswordNeverExpires') }
  if ($acct.PasswordLastSet -and $acct.PasswordLastSet -lt $stalePwdDate) {
    $flags.Add("Password older than $StalePasswordYears y")
  }
  if ($acct.Enabled -and $acct.LastLogonDate -and $acct.LastLogonDate -lt $staleLogonDate) {
    $flags.Add("No logon in $StaleLogonDays d")
  }
  if ($acct.Enabled -and -not $acct.LastLogonDate) {
    $flags.Add('Never logged on')
  }
  if ($acct.TrustedForDelegation) { $flags.Add('UNCONSTRAINED delegation') }
  if ($acct.'msDS-AllowedToDelegateTo') { $flags.Add('Constrained delegation') }
  if ($privilegedMembers.ContainsKey($acct.SamAccountName)) {
    $flags.Add("PRIVILEGED: $($privilegedMembers[$acct.SamAccountName] -join ', ')")
  }

  [pscustomobject]@{
    SamAccountName    = $acct.SamAccountName
    DisplayName       = $acct.DisplayName
    Enabled           = $acct.Enabled
    HasSPN            = $hasSpn
    PwdNeverExpires   = $acct.PasswordNeverExpires
    PasswordLastSet   = $acct.PasswordLastSet
    LastLogonDate     = $acct.LastLogonDate
    Created           = $acct.whenCreated
    Description       = $acct.Description
    RiskFlags         = ($flags -join ' | ')
    RiskCount         = $flags.Count
  }
}

$results = $results | Sort-Object -Property RiskCount -Descending
$results | Export-Csv -Path $OutputPath -NoTypeInformation -Encoding UTF8

$total       = ($results | Measure-Object).Count
$privileged  = ($results | Where-Object { $_.RiskFlags -match 'PRIVILEGED' } | Measure-Object).Count
$stalePwd    = ($results | Where-Object { $_.RiskFlags -match 'older than' } | Measure-Object).Count
$neverExpire = ($results | Where-Object { $_.PwdNeverExpires } | Measure-Object).Count
$delegation  = ($results | Where-Object { $_.RiskFlags -match 'delegation' } | Measure-Object).Count

Write-Host ""
Write-Host "=== Service-account inventory summary ===" -ForegroundColor Green
Write-Host ("  Candidate service accounts : {0}" -f $total)
Write-Host ("  In privileged groups       : {0}" -f $privileged)
Write-Host ("  Password never expires     : {0}" -f $neverExpire)
Write-Host ("  Stale passwords (>{0}y)     : {1}" -f $StalePasswordYears, $stalePwd)
Write-Host ("  Delegation configured      : {0}" -f $delegation)
Write-Host ""
Write-Host ("Full inventory written to: {0}" -f (Resolve-Path $OutputPath)) -ForegroundColor Green
Write-Host "Next step: vault and rotate the flagged credentials before an auditor (or an attacker) finds them."